Mathematical location Toponym Name given to a place on Earth Site Physical character of a place Situation Location of a place relative to other places Meridian An arc drawn between North and South poles Longitude Location of each meridian identified on Earths surface with a numbering system Prime meridian 0° longitude. Geographic information system (GIS) Computer system that can capture, store, query, analyze, and display geographical data Location The position of something on Earth's surface Four ways to identify location 1. Global Positioning System (GPS) System that accurately determines the precise location of something on Earth Remote sensing The acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long-distance methods. Land Ordinance of 1785 Divided much of the country into a system of townships and ranges to facilitate the sale of land to settlers in the west Township A 6 by 6 mile containing 36 sections per square mile, Land Ordinance of 1785 divided much of the United States into a series of townships Principal meridians North south lines separating townships Base lines East west lines separating townships Geographic Information Science (GIS) A set of computer tools used to capture, store, transform, analyze, and display geographic data. A marked bar line) Projection Scientific method of transferring locations on earths surface to a flat map Four types of distortion 1. 5% accuracy Scale Refers to the relationship of a features size on a map to its actual size on earth Map scale representation 1. Connections Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space Cartography Science of mapmaking Map purposes Used as a reference tool and a communications and navigation tool Aristotle First person to know that the earth was spherical Eratosthenes First person of record to use the word geography also excepted that earth was spherical and calculated its circumference within a remarkable.
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